(male) English form of the name borne in the New Testament by two of Christ's disciples, James son of Zebedee and James son of Alphaeus. This form comes from Late Latin Iacomus, a variant of Iacobus, Latin form of Greek Iakobos. This is the same name as Old Testament Jacob (Hebrew Yaakov), but for many centuries now they have been thought of in the English-speaking world as two distinct names. In Britain, James is a royal name that from the beginning of the 15th century onwards was associated particularly with the Scottish house of Stewart: James I of Scotland (1394–1437; ruled 1424–37) was a patron of the arts and a noted poet, as well as an energetic ruler. King James VI of Scotland (1566–1625; reigned 1567–1625) succeeded to the throne of England in 1603. His grandson, James II of England (1633–1701; reigned 1685–8) was a Roman Catholic, deposed in 1688 in favour of his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange. From then on he, his son (also called James), and his grandson Charles (‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’) made various unsuccessful attempts to recover the English throne. Their supporters were known as Jacobites (from Latin Iacobus), and the name James became for a while particularly associated with Roman Catholicism on the one hand, and Highland opposition to the English government on the other. Nevertheless, it has since become one of the most perennially popular boys' names.
Short form: Jim.
Pet forms: Jamey, Jamie, Jimmy, Jimmie.
Cognates: Irish: Séamas, Séamus, Seumas, Seumus. Scottish Gaelic: Seumas. Scottish (Anglicized); Hamish. Dutch: Jaume. French: Jacques. Spanish: Jaime. Catalan: Jaume. Portuguese: Jaime(s). Italian: Giacomo.
Irish and Scottish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Ceannéidigh ‘descendant of Ceannéidigh’, a personal name derived from ceann ‘head’ + éidigh ‘ugly’.
FOREBEARS Kennedy ancestral lands are found both in Ireland and in Scotland, where the family's medieval ancestral seat is sited on the Ayrshire coast, facing the Irish Sea. The great-grandparents of U.S. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–63) came to North America as immigrants from Ireland in the 1840s. His paternal great-grandparents were Patrick Kennedy (1823–58), born in Dunganstown, County Wexford, Ireland, and Bridget Murphy, who was born probably in Owenduff, County Wexford, Ireland in about 1827; they came to Boston, MA, in 1849. His maternal great-grandparents were Thomas Fitzgerald (1823–85), who was born in Bruff, County Limerick, Ireland, and Rose Anna Cox, who was born probably in Tomregan or Kinawley, County Cavan, Ireland, in about 1835; they came to Boston, MA, in 1857. An early Scottish Kennedy forebear of a quite different family was British colonial official Archibald Kennedy (1685–1763), the son of Alexander Kennedy of Craigoch, who emigrated to NY about 1710.