(female) Originally a Middle English Anglicized form of French Marie, from Latin Maria. This is a New Testament form of Miriam, which St Jerome derives from elements meaning ‘drop of the sea’ (Latin stilla maris, later altered by folk etymology to stella maris ‘star of the sea’). Mary was the name of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus Christ, who has been the subject of a cult from earliest times. Consequently, the name was extremely common among early Christians, several saints among them, and by the Middle Ages was well established in every country in Europe at every level of society. It has been in use ever since, its popularity in England having been relatively undisturbed by vagaries of fashion until the 1960s, when it began to decline sharply. In the New Testament, Mary is also the name of several other women: Mary Magdalene (see Madeleine); Mary the sister of Martha, who sat at Jesus's feet while Martha served (Luke 10:38–42; John 11:1–46; 12:1–9) and who came to be taken in Christian tradition as symbolizing the value of a contemplative life; the mother of St Mark (Colossians 4:10); and a Roman matron mentioned by St Paul (Romans 16:6).
Pet forms: May, Molly.
Cognates: In most European languages, including English: Maria. Irish: Máire (see also Moira, Maura); Máiria (a learned form). Scottish Gaelic: Màiri, Màili. Welsh: Mair, Mari. Dutch: Marja. French: Marie. Spanish: María. Russian: Mar(i)ya. Czech, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian: Marija. Finnish: Marja. Hungarian: Marica. Lithuanian: Marija.
English: habitational name from either of the places called Washington, in Tyne and Wear and West Sussex. The latter is from Old English Wassingatūn ‘settlement (Old English tūn) of the people of Wassa’, a personal name that is probably a short form of some compound name such as Wāðsige, composed of the elements wāð ‘hunt’ + sige ‘victory’. Washington in Tyne and Wear is from Old English Wassingtūn ‘settlement associated with Wassa’.
FOREBEARS George Washington (1732–99), 1st president of the U.S. (1789–97), was born at Bridges Creek, VA. His greatgrandfather had settled in the colony after emigrating from England in 1658. With the passage of time, the surname has come to be borne by more African Americans than English Americans. A prominent example was the educator Booker T. Washington (1856–1915), born a slave in VA, who adopted his surname from his stepfather, Washington Ferguson.