(male) New Testament name, borne by one of Christ's twelve apostles, referred to as ‘Thomas, called Didymus’ (John 11:16; 20:24). Didymos is the Greek word for ‘twin’, and the name is the Greek form of an Aramaic byname meaning ‘twin’. The given name has always been popular throughout Christendom, in part because St Thomas's doubts have made him seem a very human character.
Short form: Tom.
Pet form: Tommy.
Cognates: Irish: Tomás. Scottish Gaelic: Tòmas; Tàmhas. Welsh: Tomos. German, Dutch, Scandinavian: Thomas. French: Thomas. Spanish: Tomás. Portuguese: Tomás. Italian: Tommaso. Russian: Foma. Polish: Tomasz. Czech: Tomáš. Croatian: Toma. Slovenian: Tomaz. Finnish: Tuomo. Latvian: Toms. Lithuanian: Tomas.
1. English (Lancashire) and Scottish: habitational name from any of various places so called. Most, including those in Cambridgeshire (formerly Huntingdonshire), Cleveland, Derbyshire, and Shropshire, get the name from Old English hyll ‘hill’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. Others, including those in Cumbria and Dorsetshire, have early forms in Hel and probably have as their first element Old English hielde ‘slope’ or possibly helde ‘tansy’.
2. English: some early examples such as Ralph filius Hilton (Yorkshire 1219) point to occasional derivation from a personal name, possibly a Norman name Hildun, composed of the Germanic elements hild ‘strife’, ‘battle’ + hūn ‘bear cub’. The English surname is present in Ireland (mostly taken to Ulster in the early 17th century, though recorded earlier in Dublin).
FOREBEARS A family bearing this name originated at Hetton in County Durham (from Old English hēope ‘rosehip’ + dūn ‘hill’). The surname had already been assimilated to Hilton by the time of Robert de Hilton (died c.1309).
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