(male) One of the most enduringly successful of the Old French personal names introduced into Britain by the Normans. It is of Germanic (Frankish) origin, derived from rīc ‘power’ + hard ‘strong, hardy’. It has enjoyed continuous popularity in England from the Conquest to the present day, influenced by the fact that it was borne by three kings of England, in particular Richard I (1157–99). He was king for only ten years (1189–99), most of which he spent in warfare abroad, taking part in the Third Crusade and costing the people of England considerable sums in taxes. Nevertheless, he achieved the status of a folk hero, and was never in England long enough to disappoint popular faith in his goodness and justice. He was also Duke of Aquitaine and Normandy and Count of Anjou, fiefs which he held at a time of maximum English expansion in France. His exploits as a leader of the Third Crusade earned him the nickname ‘Coeur de Lion’ or ‘Lionheart’ and a permanent place in popular imagination, in which he was even more firmly enshrined by Sir Walter Scott's novel Ivanhoe (1820).
Short forms: Rick, Dick, Rich.
Pet forms: Ricky, Rickie; Dicky, Dickie; Richie.
Cognates: Irish: Ristéard. Scottish Gaelic: Ruiseart. Welsh: Rhisiart. German: Richard. Dutch: Richard, Rikhart. Scandinavian: Rik(h)ard. French: Richard. Spanish, Portuguese: Ricardo. Italian: Riccardo. Polish: Ryszard. Czech: Richard. Slovenian: Rihard. Finnish: Rik(h)ard. Hungarian: Rikárd. Latvian: Rihards.
English: occupational name for a cook, a seller of cooked meats, or a keeper of an eating house, from Old English cōc (Latin coquus). There has been some confusion with Cocke.
Irish and Scottish: usually identical in origin with the English name, but in some cases a reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Cúg ‘son of Hugo’ (see McCook).
In North America Cook has absorbed examples of cognate and semantically equivalent names from other languages, such as German and Jewish Koch.
Erroneous translation of French Lécuyer (see Lecuyer).
FOREBEARS Francis Cooke (died 1663) and his eldest son John were passengers on the Mayflower in 1621; they were joined two years later by Francis's wife and other children. In the words of William Bradford, when he died he had ‘lived to see his children's children have children’.