(male) One of the most enduringly successful of the Old French personal names introduced into Britain by the Normans. It is of Germanic (Frankish) origin, derived from rīc ‘power’ + hard ‘strong, hardy’. It has enjoyed continuous popularity in England from the Conquest to the present day, influenced by the fact that it was borne by three kings of England, in particular Richard I (1157–99). He was king for only ten years (1189–99), most of which he spent in warfare abroad, taking part in the Third Crusade and costing the people of England considerable sums in taxes. Nevertheless, he achieved the status of a folk hero, and was never in England long enough to disappoint popular faith in his goodness and justice. He was also Duke of Aquitaine and Normandy and Count of Anjou, fiefs which he held at a time of maximum English expansion in France. His exploits as a leader of the Third Crusade earned him the nickname ‘Coeur de Lion’ or ‘Lionheart’ and a permanent place in popular imagination, in which he was even more firmly enshrined by Sir Walter Scott's novel Ivanhoe (1820).
Short forms: Rick, Dick, Rich.
Pet forms: Ricky, Rickie; Dicky, Dickie; Richie.
Cognates: Irish: Ristéard. Scottish Gaelic: Ruiseart. Welsh: Rhisiart. German: Richard. Dutch: Richard, Rikhart. Scandinavian: Rik(h)ard. French: Richard. Spanish, Portuguese: Ricardo. Italian: Riccardo. Polish: Ryszard. Czech: Richard. Slovenian: Rihard. Finnish: Rik(h)ard. Hungarian: Rikárd. Latvian: Rihards.
English: topographic name for someone who lived by a hill used as a lookout station, from an unattested Old English tōt hyll ‘lookout hill’, or a habitational name from some place named with this word, for example Tootle Heights in Lancashire, Tothill in Lincolnshire, or Tuttle Hill in Warwickshire. This surname became established in Ireland in the 17th century, and is now more common in Ireland than England.