(male) One of the many French names of Germanic origin that were introduced into Britain by the Normans; it has since remained in continuous use. It is derived from the nearly synonymous elements hrōd ‘fame’ + berht ‘bright, famous’, and had a native Old English predecessor of similar form (Hreodbeorht), which was supplanted by the Norman name. Two dukes of Normandy in the 11th century bore the name: the father of William the Conqueror (sometimes identified with the legendary Robert the Devil), and his eldest son. It was borne also by three kings of Scotland, notably Robert the Bruce (1274–1329), who freed Scotland from English domination. The altered short form Bob is very common, but Hob and Dob, which were common in the Middle Ages and gave rise to surnames, are extinct. See also Rupert.
Short forms: Bob, Rob.
Pet forms: Bobby, Robbie, Robin.
Cognates: Irish: Roibéard. Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart. German: Robert, Rupprecht. Dutch: Robrecht, Rob(b)ert. Scandinavian: Robert. French: Robert. Spanish, Portuguese, Italian: Roberto. Czech: Robert. Finnish: Roopertti. Hungarian: Róbert. Latvian: Roberts.
Dutch and North German: from a vernacular personal name, a variant of Karsten.
German: from Middle High German kasten ‘chest’, ‘coffer’ or kornkasten ‘grain bin’, hence a metonymic occupational name for the manager of a granary, and later for the treasurer of an estate or guild. See also Kastner.
South German (Bavaria): topographic name from the dialect word Kasten ‘crag’, ‘steep rock’.
Swedish (Kastén): from an unexplained first element, perhaps part of a place name, + the adjectival suffix -én, a derivative of Latin -enius.