(male) One of the many French names of Germanic origin that were introduced into Britain by the Normans; it has since remained in continuous use. It is derived from the nearly synonymous elements hrōd ‘fame’ + berht ‘bright, famous’, and had a native Old English predecessor of similar form (Hreodbeorht), which was supplanted by the Norman name. Two dukes of Normandy in the 11th century bore the name: the father of William the Conqueror (sometimes identified with the legendary Robert the Devil), and his eldest son. It was borne also by three kings of Scotland, notably Robert the Bruce (1274–1329), who freed Scotland from English domination. The altered short form Bob is very common, but Hob and Dob, which were common in the Middle Ages and gave rise to surnames, are extinct. See also Rupert.
Short forms: Bob, Rob.
Pet forms: Bobby, Robbie, Robin.
Cognates: Irish: Roibéard. Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart. German: Robert, Rupprecht. Dutch: Robrecht, Rob(b)ert. Scandinavian: Robert. French: Robert. Spanish, Portuguese, Italian: Roberto. Czech: Robert. Finnish: Roopertti. Hungarian: Róbert. Latvian: Roberts.
English (mainly East Midlands), Dutch, and German: from Middle English pi(c)k, Middle Dutch picke, Middle High German bicke ‘pick’, ‘pickaxe’, hence a metonymic occupational name for someone who made pickaxes or used them as an agricultural or excavating tool.
North German: metonymic occupational name for a pitch-burner, from Low German pick ‘pitch’.
English: possibly from Middle English pike ‘pike’ (the fish), applied as a metonymic occupational name for a fisherman or seller of these fish, or as a descriptive nickname for someone thought to resemple a pike in some way.
Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): unexplained.